Ntụkwasị nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ
Ntinye uche nri pụtara iwepụ akụkụ nke ihe mgbaze na nri mmiri mmiri maka mmepụta, nchekwa na njem ka mma. Enwere ike ekewa ya na evaporation na ifriizi itinye uche.
Ntụnye evaporation
Evaporation na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke ọdịiche na-agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti solute na ihe mgbaze. Mgbe mgbanwe nke solute dị na ngwọta dị ntakịrị na ihe mgbaze nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya doro anya, ihe mgbaze na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ iji tinye uche na ngwọta. A na-etinye ihe ngwọta nri a ga-etinye n'ime ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ site na isi iyi ọkụ. Ka okpomọkụ na-ebili, ihe mgbaze (mmiri) dị na ngwọta ga-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ vapour, n'ihi na ebe mmiri na-esi mmiri dị ntakịrị ma ọ dị mfe ịmịpụ.
N'oge usoro evaporation, ihe mgbaze na-agbapụ na-aga n'ihu, ebe solute (dị ka shuga, protein, mineral, vitamin, pigmenti na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike na-agbanwe agbanwe) na-anọgide na ngwọta fọdụrụnụ n'ihi ebe ọ na-esi esi elu na obere mgbanwe. A na-anakọtakwa uzuoku ihe mgbaze na-ekpo ọkụ wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ site na condenser iji gbanwee ya azụ n'ụdị mmiri mmiri. Usoro a nwere ike nwetaghachi ume ma belata oriri ike. Enwere ike ịmegharị ma ọ bụ wepụ mmiri ahụ ekpokọtara.
A na-etinye ihe ngwọta mbụ ahụ n'ime obere olu mgbe evaporation na condensation dị ka mmụba nke solute. Enwere ike iji ihe ngwọta nri gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ maka nhazi na-esote, dị ka ihicha ọzọ, candies, jams, juices, ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe etiti maka mmepụta nri.
A na-ejikarị usoro evaporation na usoro ịta ahụhụ dị iche iche ma ọ bụ mmetụta dị iche iche eme ihe na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ bara uru. Dabere na mkpa nke usoro mmepụta ihe akọwapụtara, ọ dị mkpa ka a tụọ itinye uche nri n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'otu oge iji hụ na ịdịmma ngwaahịa kwụsiri ike ma melite arụmọrụ itinye uche. KpọtụrụLonnmeter, onye na-eweta mita ịta ahụhụ n'ịntanetị, maka ndị ọzọmita ịta n'ịntanetịngwọta.
Isi njirimara nke evaporation na itinye uche
Okpomọkụ okpomọkụ na oge kwesịrị ịtụle nke ọma na evaporation nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ. "Obere okpomọkụ na obere oge" bụ tumadi iji hụ na nri dị mma dịka o kwere mee, ebe "oke okpomọkụ na oge dị mkpirikpi" bụ tumadi iji melite nrụpụta mmepụta ihe.
Oke ikpo ọkụ ga-eme ka mmebi, chaking na caking nke protein, sugars na pectin. Ihe a na-emezigharị na-akpọtụrụ ya na ebe a na-ebufe ọkụ na-adịkarị mfe maka oke okpomọkụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere gburugburu okpomọkụ nke ihe onwunwe. Ozugbo e guzobere ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọ ga-emetụta oke ọrụ nnyefe ọkụ na ọbụna kpatara nsogbu nchekwa. Ihe dị mma iji dozie nsogbu ịchafụ bụ ịbawanye ọsọ mmiri. Ahụmahụ egosila na ịba ụba ọsọ mmiri nwere ike ibelata nguzobe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iwere ụzọ mgbochi mgbochi elektrọnik na ụzọ mgbochi kemịkalụ iji gbochie ịcha ahụ.
Viscosity
Ọtụtụ nri nwere protein, shuga, pectin na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu viscosity. N'oge usoro evaporation, viscosity nke ngwọta na-abawanye na ntinye uche ka mmiri na-ebelata, nke na-egbochi ikpo ọkụ ọkụ. Ya mere, n'ihi na evaporation nke viscous ngwaahịa, mgbasa ma ọ bụ mkpali usoro mmanye site mpụga ike na-nakweere n'ozuzu.
Enwere ike ịfụfụ
Ihe oriri nwere protein ka ukwuu na-enwe mgbagwoju anya elu. Mgbe ọ na-ekpochapụ ma na-esi nri, a na-enwekwu ụfụfụ na-esiwanye ike, nke na-eme ka mmiri mmiri na-abanye n'ime condenser na uzuoku, na-eme ka mmiri ahụ kwụsị. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ihu na-apụta n'etiti uzuoku, mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ, na ihe siri ike na-ekere òkè bụ isi n'ịkpụpụta ụfụfụ. N'ozuzu, a pụrụ iji surfactants iji chịkwaa nhazi nke ụfụfụ, a pụkwara iji ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche mee ihe iji kpochapụ ụfụfụ.
Nrụrụ aka
Ụfọdụ nri acid, dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ akwụkwọ nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi, na-enwekarị mmebi nke evaporator n'oge evaporation na itinye uche. Maka nri, ọbụlagodi corrosion dị nro na-ebutekarị mmetọ nke na-eme ka ngwaahịa ahụ ghara iru eru. Ya mere, a na-eji evaporator eji eme nri acidic kwesịrị ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eguzogide corrosion na thermally conductive, na nhazi nhazi kwesịrị ịdị mfe iji dochie ya. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, ịta nke citric acid ngwọta nwere ike iji impermeable graphite kpo oku tubes ma ọ bụ acid na-eguzogide enamel Sanwichi evaporators.
Ihe ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe Ọtụtụ nri mmiri mmiri nwere ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ na ihe ụtọ, nke na-agbanwe agbanwe karịa mmiri. Mgbe mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ, ihe ndị a ga-agbanarị yana uzuoku, na-emetụta àgwà nke ngwaahịa a na-etinye uche. Ọ bụ ezie na ịta ahụhụ dị ala nwere ike ibelata mfu nke ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, ụzọ kachasị mma bụ iji usoro mgbake wee tinye ha n'ime ngwaahịa ahụ mgbe mgbake gasịrị.
Ntụkwasị obi furu efu
A na-ajụkwa mmiri mmiri akụrụngwa nri (dịka ihe ọ juiceụ ụ, ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu mmiri) na ebe okpomọkụ dị ala. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-adaba n'okpuru ebe na-ekpo ọkụ, mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri dị na ngwọta ga-ebuli n'ụdị kristal ice. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmiri na-eru n'ihe nhata siri ike-mmiri n'otu okpomọkụ na nrụgide. N'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ a, oke mmiri na-abaghị uru ga-ebu ụzọ kpoo, ebe solutes (dị ka sugars, organic acids, pigments, flavors, wdg) adịghị mfe iji mmiri kpọnwụrụ n'ihi solubility dị iche iche, ma nọgide na-etinye uche na-enweghị oyi.
Nkewa nke Ice kristal
A na-ekewa kristal akpụrụ akpụ site na ntinye uche site na centrifugation, filtration ma ọ bụ ụzọ anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Usoro a anaghị agụnye ikuku nke solutes, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike igbochi mmebi nke ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọnwụ nke ísì. Ihe na-elekwasị anya mgbe kewasịrị kristal ice bụ ngwaahịa ịta ahụhụ oyi kpọnwụrụ, nke nwere oke solute dị elu karịa ihe ngwọta mbụ, ebe ọ na-ejigide agba mbụ, uto, uru nri na ekpomeekpo nke nri ahụ ruo n'ókè kasị ukwuu.
Ịchịkwa ọnọdụ oyi oyi
N'oge usoro ịta ahụhụ ifriizi, ihe ndị dị ka ọnụọgụ oyi, okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na oge kwesịrị ịchịkwa nke ọma iji bulie ogo kristal ice, morphology na ikewapụ site na itinye uche iji hụ na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. Teknụzụ ịta ahụhụ ifriizi dabara adaba maka nri na ihe ọ drinksụ drinksụ na-ekpo ọkụ, dị ka mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ na ihe ọṅụṅụ inine, ngwaahịa nje, ọgwụ na condiments dị elu. Ọ nwere ike ịbawanye ogo okike nke akụrụngwa ma nwee njirimara nke ịzọpụta ike yana arụmọrụ dị elu. Agbanyeghị, usoro a nwekwara oke ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro ịta ahụhụ enweghị ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi nke ọma ma nwee ike ịchọọ ọgwụgwọ sterilization ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, maka ụfọdụ ngwọta nwere nnukwu viscosity ma ọ bụ nwere ihe ndị pụrụ iche, ihe isi ike nke ikewapụ kristal ice site na ntinye uche nwere ike ịba ụba, na-ebute mbelata ntinye uche na ụbara ọnụ ahịa.
Oge nzipu: Feb-13-2025
